It is defined as the amount of incident solar energy per unit area on a plane surface at the top of the atmosphere that is perpendicular to the rays of the sun.

The solar constant is defined as the energy. The solar constant is a flux density measuring mean solar electromagnetic radiation per unit area. The solar constant is a measure of flux density is the amount of incoming solar electromagnetic radiation per unit area that would be incident on a plane perpendicular to the rays at a distance of one astronomical unit au roughly the mean distance from the sun to earth. The actual value of the energy varies with several factors. The solar constant includes all types of solar radiation not just the visible light.

Solar constant the total radiation energy received from the sun per unit of time per unit of area on a theoretical surface perpendicular to the sun s rays and at earth s mean distance from the sun. The solar constant is used to quantify the rate at which energy is received upon a unit surface such as a solar panel. The solar constant is not a physical constant in the modern codata scientific sense. A solar constant is a measurement of the solar electromagnetic radiation available in a meter squared at earth s distance from the sun.

Solar energy radiation from the sun capable of producing heat causing chemical reactions or generating electricity. It is most accurately measured from satellites where atmospheric effects are absent. It is measured on a surface perpendicular to the rays one astronomical unit from the sun. It is measured by satellite as being 1 361 kilowatts per square meter at solar minimum and approximately 0 1 greater at solar maximum.

The value of the constant is approximately 1 366 kilowatts per square metre. The mean annual value for the solar constant is 1361 wm 2 and is given the symbol s. The solar constant is expressed normally as watts per square meter and its value in this unit is 1 368 w m2.

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